The 9 Greek Muses and Their Unique Attributes

Crime And Its Effects On Society s Life Sentence Without...

During the months of October and December in 1998, Matthew James Harris aged 31 years, strangled three people to death; his victims were Peter Wennerbom, Yvonne Ford, and Ronald Gavin Kidd (2011). All three victims suffered disabilities, and were known to Harris who was a community transport driver in Wagga Wagga, NSW Morton and Lobez (2009). He was sentenced to 40 years in prison, with a 25-year minimum; however, this was altered to life sentence without a non-parole period (R v Harris [2000] NSWCCA 469) Morton and Lobez (2009). Findings from Brown, Esbensen and Geis (1991) show that strain theories operate from the view that certain strains or stressors are influential, that is, they can increase the likelihood of crime occurring. The assumption is that, individuals have goals, however, under this theory; the strains make it almost impossible for these goals to be achieved Brown, Esbensen and Geis (1991). Durkheim (1951) argued that, crime is inevitable; it is a normal phenomenon that is found in all societies. He indicates that, criminals are useful in the sense that they identify the limits of acceptable behaviour in a society. In addition to this, Brown, Esbensen and Geis (1991) proposed that individuals have things they wish to achieve in their life, defined as ‘aspirations’ complimenting this are ‘expectations’, what the individual believes to be realistic for them. These findings suggest that if there is a gap between these two elements, the strain may increaseShow MoreRelat edCapital Punishment Is Deterrence For Crime1570 Words   |  7 Pagescommitted a heinous crime on another victim. To this day, capital punishment is a subject undergoing intense study, and is a hot topic of controversy. It is a challenging debate with many different viewpoints. Many people are pro death penalty, while others are quite against it, and there are others with amphibological feelings towards the subject. One of the many different questions that originate when the topic of the death penalty arises is if capital punishment is deterrence for crime. Capital punishmentRead MoreEssay about The Growth of Adult Corrections in the United States1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is made up of five percent of the worlds population, but is comprised of about a quarter of the worlds incarcerated. Approximately twenty percent of the newly incarcerated yearly have violated parole and great majorities are non-violent offenders. In â€Å"U.S. Prison Population Dwarfs that of Other Nations,† Adam Liptak states â€Å"The United States has, for instance, 2.3 million criminals behind bars, more than any other nation, according to data maintained by the International CenterRead MoreJuvenile Violent Crime And Juvenile Crime Rates1720 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to (Walton, 2014), as far back as the late 1800’s, children have been sentenced to the same punishments as adults, depending on the crime they committed. Punishments even included death if the juvenile was deemed to be past the point of help. Later on courts were geared more towards rehabilitation than punishment. Reform movements came along and parents could send their children off to reformatories to live and work as part of their rehabilitation. Due to poor living and working conditionsRead MoreThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws1688 Words   |  7 Pagescriticized for its many problems and errors; one in particular that caught my attention was the mandatory minimum sentencing laws. These laws basically set minimum sentences for certain crimes that judges cannot lower, even for extenuating circumstances. The most common of these laws deal with drug offenses and set mandatory minimum sentences for possession of a drug over a certain amount. Sentencing procedures can vary from jurisdiction to Jurisdiction. Most of these laws are ineffective and causesRead MoreHistory of Capital Punishment Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesremainder of his life for this terrible crime? There are many arguments and opinions on this topic; many reasons why we should sentence murderers to death, but many reasons we should not. One main reason we should not sentence these people to death is the cost. It simply costs too much to put people on death row. A gentleman in Texas quoted estimates in two counties near his home. They both estimated the cost of a capital trial to be $400,000 - $600,000 verses the cost of a non-capital trialRead MoreIndeterminate And Determinate Sentencing Guidelines2978 Words   |  12 Pagespunishments. Parole boards meet during the sentence, determining individual parole eligibility and inmates deemed rehabilitated will be released on the lower end of their sentencing spectrum. Determinate sentences often contain mandatory minimums and increased sentences for particular transgressions. Sentencing guidelines provide judges flexibility, thus empowering the court to consider aggravating or mitigating circumstances when determining a sentence. Mandatory minimum and enhanced-sentence statutesRead MoreThe Legal Ordering Of The Xix1677 Words   |  7 Pagespoints out that it is this moment when a new knowledge arose, which had a scientific objective: the knowledge and the legal ordering of the administration of the penitentiary system. For Perez grenades and Gimà ©nez-Salinas Colomer prison appears in this period as the great social invention that facilitated the combination of several functions: correcting the culprit, guaranteeing security, isolating the offender and punishment. In terms of the Anglo-Saxons, in 1840 in the prison of Pentonville of EnglandRead MoreThe Death Penalty1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhether it’s actually lowering our crime rates is becoming a problem. The problem lies with the states whether they ll allow it or not. The Supreme Court has their except for certain circumstances. All of these factors have an impact on how the process works today. The death penalty laws go far back to the eighteenth century B.C. The Code of King Hammurabi of Babylon made this law for twenty-five different crimes. Unlike the Code of Athens who made every crime punishable by death. Once the fifthRead MoreCriminal Code And Charter Sections1414 Words   |  6 PagesRelevant Criminal Code and Charter Sections Sentencing provisions in Canadian law are found in s.718.1 and s.718.2 of the Criminal Code, which states that, â€Å"sentences must be proportionate to the nature of the offence, reduced or increased depending on the mitigating and aggravating factors, must be similar to sentences imposed on similar offenders for similar offences in similar circumstances, and if the sentence is consecutive, it must not be unduly long or harsh.† Therefore, an offender should notRead MoreProblems With Mandatory Minimum Sentencing1802 Words   |  8 Pagescriticized for its many problems and errors; one in particular that caught my attention was the mandatory minimum sentencing laws. These laws basically set minimum sentences for certain crimes that judges cannot lower, even for extenuating circumstances. The most common of these laws deal with drug offenses and set mandatory minimum sentences for possession of a drug over a certain amount. Sentencing procedures can vary from jurisdiction to J urisdiction. Most of these laws are ineffective and causes

Inequality in Healthcare-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Inequality in healthcare. Answer: The healthcare among Australian population is improving remarkably. Despite of these improvements, the population is characterized by significant inequalities in healthcare (Carey et al., 2013). This issue is challenging the common good and dignity of humans affecting the nursing practice now and in the future. Inequality in healthcare raises questions whether there is sustainability in the delivery of healthcare and that is resulting in systemic tendency of growing health care inequality. Although, a country cannot renounce to protect and defend the fundamental healthcare equality, commons can recognize to provide equitable healthcare services to people. Equality in healthcare denotes caring within the society and central to nursing profession, they care for others best suited for reduction of disparities (Chin et al., 2012). As a nurse, it is ones duty to provide equal treatment and rebuild the concept of caring giving an important dimension to the moral principle of human dignity and realization of common good. There is increasing disparity in health behaviour, morbidity, healthcare services providing a statistical reference documenting morbidity and mortality by socioeconomic disadvantage, education, occupation and income. Australian healthcare is battling an intense fight against inequality not only among the rich and poor, but also among the rural and urban communities struggling to gain access to high quality healthcare services (Durey Thompson, 2012). This is resulting in marginalization of people with poor health outcomes and increase in burden of disease. The healthcare landscape is unfavourable burdened with demographic factors to reach the huge geographical land masses due to shortage of resources. The current allocation of healthcare services is heavily focused on the urban communities at the expense of people from different cultural backgrounds. This is the emergence of glaring health inequalities rendering haves for urban and not haves for rural people access to healthcare services. This lack of access to healthcare services and misallocation has translated into alarming morbidity and mortality rates among the people from varied cultural backgrounds (Ingram Franco, 2012). The above findings reminds that nursing profession is important acting as preservation of common good in reducing health disparities. The gaining progress in nursing practice has alienated from need of the oppressed groups and seduced by scientific model that is not used through best judgment of human truth about illness and suffering. Literature suggests that there is unequal treatment, lack of access to healthcare services, linguistic and cultural incompetence with depleted resources are the economic and social determinants of health (Komaric, Bedford van Driel, 2012). Nursing profession has the ability and rich heritage to advocate healthy society through equality that is established on the pillars of common good realization and social justice. The above statement is alarming and there is competing arguments whether common good is served or not promoting equal healthcare for everyone and maintenance of common good. From the nursing perspective, as the social factors are the root causes for healthcare inequality, it requires nursing profession advocacy for the promotion of common good and human dignity (Faden et al., 2013). Discriminations prevailing in the healthcare system are due to the economic and social determinants involving relationships. Therefore, nursing profession can help to address the healthcare inequality issue and realize common good as it is build on relationships being primary for them. When a nurse would become culturally and socially competent, caring and carry out relational practice, it can transform the healthcare system build on principle of mutuality. The inequalities in healthcare arise as a consequence of behaviour and lifestyle choices demonstrating stark relationships with social determinants. To promote equality in healthcare, nurses should focus on care open to all irrespective of gender, culture, age for increasing equity, access and health protection (Phillips Malone, 2014). They should play a vital role in reduction of health inequalities through identification of population who is at risk of poor health and targeted delivery of interventions for improved health outcomes. Nurses should develop cultural competence and focus on practices helping to end disparities and aid in overcoming barriers that stand their way of accessing excellent healthcare. As nurses, one should work towards elimination of disparities and support them via proactive healthcare quality initiatives. As nurses, they need to promote social justice and realization of common good by understanding their difficulties and frail of every human, worth or dignity and accessing equality in healthcare (Degazon Mancha, 2012). In this way, nurses can recognize inestimable worth of every person impelling them to work with immense care, self-sacrifice and enthusiasm overcoming healthcare disparities. References Carey, T. A., Wakerman, J., Humphreys, J. S., Buykx, P., Lindeman, M. (2013). What primary health care services should residents of rural and remote Australia be able to access? A systematic review of core primary health care services.BMC health services research,13(1), 178. Chin, M. H., Clarke, A. R., Nocon, R. S., Casey, A. A., Goddu, A. P., Keesecker, N. M., Cook, S. C. (2012). A roadmap and best practices for organizations to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care.Journal of general internal medicine,27(8), 992-1000. Degazon, C. E., Mancha, C. (2012). Changing the face of nursing: Reducing ethnic and racial disparities in health.Family community health,35(1), 5-14. Durey, A., Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus.BMC health services research,12(1), 151. Faden, R. R., Kass, N. E., Goodman, S. N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S., Beauchamp, T. L. (2013). An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics.Hastings Center Report,43(s1). Ingram, D. D., Franco, S. J. (2012). NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties.Vital and health statistics. Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research, (154), 1-65. Komaric, N., Bedford, S., van Driel, M. L. (2012). Two sides of the coin: patient and provider perceptions of health care delivery to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.BMC health services research,12(1), 322. Phillips, J. M., Malone, B. (2014). Increasing racial/ethnic diversity in nursing to reduce health disparities and achieve health equity.Public Health Reports,129(1_suppl2), 45-50.

Mark Twain Essays (389 words) - Mark Twain, Twain,

Mark Twain Mark Twain Mark Twain is proably the greatest American author to ever live. His style of writing changed the world forever. Before Mark Twain everyone wrote on serious topics. Twain was the first American to write comedys. People liked him because never bofore had their been an author who actually could make the reader laugh. Many people wonder how Mark Twian has become the greatest American author. Dr. Elliot Engle says Englands best writer, William Shakesphere, wrote over thirty-five wonderful plays. Mark Twain wrote only seven stories. Most of his stories are about kids. The one story that makes Mark Twain such a great author is the ?immortal Huckleberry Finn.? Dr. engle claims that this book will always be an American classic. Mark Twain was born 1835 in a small Missouri town called Hannibal. His birth name was Sammuel Langhorne Clemens. He used the name Mark Twain during his professional carrer. ?Twain drew on his boyhood along the Mississippi River for many of the characters and incidents in his work.?(Benets) It was obvious that Twain did not like his home state for Missouri. Once he left, ?He never returned?(Dr. Engle). Engle also says that he called his home state ?Misery?, instesd of Missouri. During his childhood, Twain's family was not very rich. His father was an unsuccssful lawyer from Virgina. Mark Twains days in school did not last very long because he dropped out. The first job that Twain got was working for the newspaper in Hannibal. This job was the worst in the town(DR. Engle). Every mourning he had to wake up at 4:30 to be at work by 5:00. When he got to work he had to chop wood to warm-up the office, wake the editor, cook the editors breakfast, pick-up the editors mess, and finally mop the floors. This was the eaisest part of his job. Hannibal did not have a typewriter to type the words onto the paper with, so Twain had to stamp every letter onto the paper. He never could find the letter he was looking for because the drunk janitor,who woked their, always was stamps in the wrong spot. So before every letter he put on the paper, Twain would have to look to make sure it was the correct one. English Essays

A million little Osamas essays

A million little Osama's essays The Image of Arabs in American Popular Culture Hollywood is arguably the most important ISA (ideological state apparatus) in modern America. More than from parents, school or church do children get their ideas and values from the celluloid. This imposes on the movie industrys executives the great responsibility of not only entertaining people, but also to be the guardians of the set of values the Western world holds dear: equality, freedom and maybe most importantly, respect for one another. According to Professor Jack G. Shaheen, Hollywood is not taking this responsibility when it comes to one ethnic group: Arabs. For Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies A People, Shaheen screened over 900 films that have come from the Mecca of American film since 1898 and he came to a dazzling conclusion: Hollywood depicts Arabs as evil villains. They are either crazed terrorists who want to destroy America or wealthy oil-sheiks with large limousines, who aim at taking over America by simply buying it. Shaheens argument is in concordance with the writings of Edward Said, who in Orientalism showed how Westerners view Arab culture as a whole, neglecting the fact that it is as diverse as European culture, and collectively feel threatened by the Orient and its people: the other. When one looks through the eyes of Shaheen at films like True Lies (1996), The Siege (1998) and Rules of Engagement (2000), his conclusion seems valid. These films indeed seem to have been made for the sole purpose of representing the Arab people negatively. As Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said (about The Siege): Given how vulnerable Arab-Americans are to defamation, was this film really necessary? (Shaheen 430). To make a counterfactual link between Hollywoods vilification of Arabs (often wrongly used as a synonym for Muslims) and the hate crimes committed against Arab-Americans after 9/11 may be far...

In Country Out of this World essays

In Country Out of this World essays What do you think about when CNN network flashes across the screen; one thousand dead in bombing raid in Iran? You are probably thinking, Wow what a horrible thing to happen to those poor soldiers, whats for dinner? It may be easy for the people on the home front to dismiss the incident, but for the soldiers that are present is not so easily overcome. Bobbie Ann Masons In Country is a novel that deals with the Vietnam War on a personal level. It is told through the viewpoint of Sam Hughes, a teenage girl whose father was killed in Vietnam before she was born. Through her narration, readers learn that the Vietnam War affected everyone on some level, whether they were personally involved in it or not. Samantha Hughes's father died in Vietnam. Emmet Hughes, her uncle returned with deep scars from the experience. The novel centers on their close relationship; she tries to find out about her father and to understand the war; he is trying to create a life for himself. The story culminate s in a trip they take to the Vietnam Memorial in Washington DC. M*A*S*H was and still is a very popular television show. However, its popularity is often questioned in the manner of; is it popular because its good, or is it because the veterans of war can relate to the show? I view M*A*S*H simply because it is a great show with a lot of good plot, with plenty of texture. On the other side, Emmet views M*A*S*H in a much different manner than I, he watches it because it is something that he can relate to. He tries to be like Clinger, a cross dressing freak, and dressing up just like he does. Emmet has a questionable sexuality problem, but Sam, his niece, quickly dismisses that by telling all that he is, indeed, straight. Sam, a bright-eyed girl who has a dark past, tries to piece her life together throughout the novel. Sam has discovered that her father, whom she has known only throu ...

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) Essay - 1

Regional Politics (Africa, Middle East or East Asia) - Essay Example Culture is defined as a people’s way of thinking, behaving and handling different situations both common and common, all of which influences the ability of people within a country to accept different situations created by democracy. Democratic institutions are governmental and nongovernmental units created to operate with complete autonomy to deliver different needs to the people. Institutions in a country include the judiciary, the police services, the armed forces, aid organisations and other units created for the wellbeing of the society. In this paper, I will highlight how the development of democratic and dependent institutions of a country is influenced by cultural maturity. The different cultural environments within a number of countries in the middle east, Africa and other developing economies will be compared with the cultural environments found in first world countries (Hadenius & Teorell, 2005). Cultural maturity and progress differ in different countries and this h as enabled some regions to develop as compared to others for example the socialist Asia and former soviet and the capitalist west. The level of democratization of institution in these countries differs and this has been attributed to the way of life found among the different countries. Culture is a multifaceted domain that cannot be highlighted as a block in trying to determine its impacts of democratization of different institutions in different countries. According to Tabellini (2005), culture’s casual effect results from its ability to affect development in a country endogenously. This measure of impacts on economic development is similar to the impacts it can produce on the democratization of institutions and organs of a country’s governance system (Tabellini, 2005). A number of questions have however arose about these differences and authors have attempted to explain why this is not the case in African and other countries in the Middle East. The United Kingdom and the United States experienced political transformation in the early 18th to 20th century, a fact that is attributed to the development of these countries into republic and democratic countries. With the French revolution leading to the abolition of the monarch system, the French cultural practices changed with the embracement of democratic governance. This affected other institutions in the country that led to significant independence and democratization of these arms of government (Ichino, Bornhorst, Schlag & Winter, 2004). In contrast, the independence and democratization of institutions in china and other Asian and African countries has remained significantly below pace. This can be explained to the prevalent government control, coercion, intimidation and interference in the operations of these institutions. When the French revolution led to the replacement of the monarch system with a more democratic governance system, the continuous revolts in china led to the replacement of o ne monarch with the other. The monarchs were operated from one ideological principle that had no variation from the previous regimes, a process that further weakens the democratization process of the countries (Diermeier & Krehbiel, 2003). The African situation is fluid as compared to other

Quality of Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quality of Food - Essay Example Similarly when it comes to food products, customers normally prefer the quality of food and its taste. As the world is growing, people are demanding more and more changes in their living, eating and dressing habits. They are demanding not only for the low cost items but also demand to purchase a good quality product. When it comes to food products, consumers show a more sensitive attitude to buy a reputable product. The reputation of a food product is based on the quality and safety of the product. The reputation of a food product is mainly set up by the highest customer satisfaction and positive attitude towards the product. As found by Dickinson, Hobbs and Bailey that consumers of food products are willing to pay even more than the normal price only if they are assured that the food has passed the normal quality attributes. This paper would further explain the role of quality assurance in achieving the highest customer satisfaction and confidence in the food industry. Quality of a product depends on a number of factors like the selection of unprocessed material, processing techniques, packaging, techniques of storing material, security of sensitive products etc. All these factors may have a great positive or negative affect on the quality of the final product. Quality can be defined as a certain factor which exposes the degree of superiority of a product. The word quality has a greater role to play when it comes to food. Quality of food is dependent upon the phases that the food passes from and if or not the food is desirable to eat after passing through the different stages. ' Quality assurance is the concept which denies the concept that a good final product can be produced by a low-quality or poor raw material. In the food industry, it is believed that effective procedures must be used and carefully practiced to preserve the actual quality of the raw material. In simple words, it implies that useful procedures may help in saving time and reduce the normal losses (for example, Material wastage while transferring it from one process to another), however, no effective processing may improve the quality of raw material and hence of the final product. Quality assurance is necessary for the thriving progress of business and its goodwill. In order to make their distinguishable standard in the food industry, owners are required to maintain a constant standard of their products. Quality control bears importance as its aim is not just to produce a product which achieves the standards of quality which is already available in the market but also to maintain that quality in each piece of its product. Quality assurance sets its standards and then promises the customers to maintain and develop it throughout its business life (2). The point to ponder is that in the food industry the major step, to control the quality of food, can only be taken before putting the raw material in its first process. Once the raw material is added to the process it becomes difficult and almost impossible improve its quality. Quality assurance requires proper quality check from the very beginning of the production process. Without quality inspections at several stages it is impossible to assure the quality even after using the best possible way to reduce the cost price. Quality is

Crime Fiction Analysis Essay Example for Free

Crime Fiction Analysis Essay Paul Darnell is a convicted sex offender who is released from prison and just three months after his release, a young girl is found raped and murdered just around the corner from the ex-con’s childhood home. As the investigators discover that his childhood victim area is in the same town as the girl who was raped and killed, they decide to arrest him for questioning and receive a warrant to search his house. They find a pile of â€Å"self help† DVD cases, which in fact hides criminal porn discs in them; as a result, Darnell is put on trial as a suspect to the case. Darnell tries to convince the jury that he has changed and his new found love, Judy, has changed him to make him into a considerate man who can control himself and his urges. Darnell wins the case and pleads not guilty for both the murder and rape of the past -victim girl. The investigators are left furious as a number of instances have seem to of proven Darnell’s guilt (such as following two girls home from school and his past offences of raping three young teenagers) and not long after Paul pleads guilty, he is found dead in Judy’s apartment, after he tried to rape her seventeen year old daughter. The daughter shot Paul in the head twice in self-defense, after his wrapped a garbage bag over her head to strike again. How does your source reveal information, ideas and an increased understanding of the issues surrounding your area of study? The area of study, being crime, is revealed in different varieties through out this particular episode of â€Å"Law Order: UK. † Crime is a topic that is covered over a number issues such as theft, treason and rape + murder which is covered in this episode. There are many investigations, such as searching through the suspect’s house, going to his old neighborhood home etc. Interviews (with the suspect, witnesses, close acquaintances), identification (through photographs of both the victim and suspect) and court hearings (which occur quite frequently, which involve as many aspects as possible to help the jury decide whether Paul would be guilty or not) are all part of the tactics that the CSI team all go through to find the right person to fit the crime. According to medicine. com, a crime scene investigation (CSI) is defined as â€Å"the use of physical evidence at the scene of the crime and the use of deductive and inductive reasoning to gain knowledge of the events surrounding the crime. What are points of comparison between the source and your core text? * Between â€Å"Law Order: UK† and â€Å"The Big Sleep† both investigating teams have tactics in order to find the suspected criminal/s. These are interviewing numerous people, asking around and getting hands on, in actually getting out into the field and doing work themselves. * Both have similar crimes involved: most common being murder. * Both involve a particular male / female role which is being victimised and criminal. Name of the source: Gangster Squad Type of source: Movie Area of Study: Crime Fiction Basic summary of the source content: â€Å"Gangster Squad† is a movie set in the late forties based on a true story set in Los Angeles. Mickey Cohen has become the most powerful figure in California’s criminal underworld, he is ruthless and controlling on both the legal and illegal sides of Los Angeles; he is known to have an â€Å"iron grip† over L. A. as nobody is willing to stand up to him in fear of the threatening gangster crew he carries around him. Until one day, the chief of Police, Chief Parker, has the idea to create a unit specialising in taking Cohen down to keep the city safe. A team is formed around Sargent O’Mara, who then asks four other police officers and a World War II Veteran to join his â€Å"gangster squad unit†. Another officer (Wooters) is asked to join the force but declines, as he is disillusioned from the war and his time on the police force. Wooters does although keep a close eye on Cohen and in doing so, becomes infatuated with his girlfriend / etiquette coach. As the team bugs Cohen’s house and keep a close eye on his surroundings, Cohen finds out in the process, and in result, the veteran is sacrificed. Things heat up and the plot turns into a full throttle war between the two squads after Cohen shoots into O’Mara’s home where his pregnant wife is at the time. Most of Cohen’s team is killed and later on O’Mara and Cohen go head to head in a boxing match where O’Mara wins and choen is jailed. How does your source reveal information, ideas and an increased understanding of the issues surrounding your area of study? There are more issues covered in this movie to deal with crime. Things such as blackmail, abduction, attempted rape (at the start of the movie), murder, theft, treason, adultery etc. Although this movie was based on a true story, crime fiction is used for entertainment purposes, which this is played up for that purpose. All of these different crimes make up a greater understanding of what is needed in a crime fiction story (detective, hard-boiled detective, red herring, crime, crime scene), which all relate back to the core text â€Å"The Big Sleep†, as there may be a different story line, the structure and purpose of each story is the same.

Paul Laurence Dunbar and Edwin Arlington Robinson :: April Showers Douglass Luke Havergal

Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" â€Å"April Showers† â€Å"Douglass† by Paul Laurence Dunbar â€Å"Luke Havergal† by Edwin Arlington Robinson 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony is a useful device for giving stories many unexpected twists and turns. In Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour," irony is used very effectively in her story. Situational irony is used to show the reader what is assumed to happen sometimes doesn't. Dramatic irony is used to hint to the reader something is happening to the characters in the story that they do not know about. Irony is used throughout Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" through the use of situational irony and the use of dramatic irony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Situational irony is used in "The Story of an Hour" through Mrs. Mallard's reaction to her husband's death and the description of the settings around her at this time. Upon hearing the news of her husband's death, Mrs. Mallard "wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment". It appeared to everyone that as a result of her husband's death, Mrs. Mallard was incredibly sad. She insisted upon being alone and retreated to her room. The sort of reaction she had seems like one typical to someone who had just lost a loved one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic irony is used through Mrs. Mallard’s reaction to her husband’s return. His death had brought her such great sorrow but upon his return she died. Her death then created sorrier bringing in the irony of the beginning of the story where it was said that Mrs. Mallard’s heart was bad and she was tried not to be stressed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. The six major elements of plot are all displayed in â€Å"April Showers.† The first element of plot is the exposition. The exposition of this story is stated in the third paragraph of the story. The paragraph talks of her knowing that it would be difficult to obtain access to a paper with so many great authors writing to it. This sets the mood by indicating she has worked hard on this work and is nearing the end of a difficult experience with writing it and trying to have it published.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict begins when she sends off her work and knows that it will be hard to get it published. The rising action follows as she finds her work is going to be published. The people of the town are amazed and as her for poems she had written as well as inquiring how she came about her great skills of writing.

Colgate Max Fresh: Global Brand Roll-Out Essay

Executive Summary The United States, Mexican and Chinese markets all took very different approaches to the release of Colgate-Palmolive’s (CP) newest oral care product in 2004-2005. The new toothpaste is called Colgate Max Fresh (CMF). It is a cavity preventing gel with breath-freshening strips suspended in it that dissolve while consumers brush their teeth. The technology behind the breath strips is patented, and Colgate was hoping the product would be a big success by providing unique freshness. In the United States, research was done and new bottling was designed to optimize the appearance of the new toothpaste. The advertising was also focused on the freshness that result from the breath strips and the product was very successful. CP then decided to release the product worldwide. In Mexico the ad campaign was changed as well as a few other minor changes, but not much was spent on altering the marketing mix for CMF. Colgate Max Fresh proved popular in Mexico and profits were seen in the firs t two years. In China, millions were spent on reconfiguring the marketing mix, and sales were not high enough to make up for the expenses in either of the first two years. In the first year alone, CMF saw a net loss of over $10 million. I have evaluated three options for reducing costs and increasing sales and have determined that the Chinese marketers decided to change the marketing mix too quickly. Instead of looking into what aspects of the U.S. marketing mix would and would not work in China, they made assumptions. The advertising campaign that they came up with was expensive and ineffective. Chinese consumer preferences should have been highlighted in the promotional campaign, and more elements from the original U.S. marketing mix that were costly to â€Å"improve† might not have needed to be changed at all. Current Situation Colgate-Palmolive (CP) is a worldwide company that specializes in oral, personal, and home care, as well as pet nutrition. Of particular interest in this case is oral care. Colgate is an oral care name that is known around the world. Colgate-Palmolive has the majority value share in the  United States, Mexico, and China. In each country, Procter and Gamble’s (P&G) Crest toothpastes are ranking second in market value share. In Mexico, the difference between PC and P&G is huge – PC has market share above 80%. However, in the U.S. and China the market shares are very close: In 2004, Colgate had 34.8% and Crest had 31.6% value shares in the U.S.; in China Colgate had 23.6%, Colgate through partnerships had an additional 8.5%, and Crest had 21.2% shares. CP management was pressured to compete hard against Crest’s new product called Crest Whitening Expressions (CWE). In August 2004 CP launched a new toothpaste product called Colgate Max Fresh (CMF) in the United States. CMF was advertised as premium toothpaste that would provide a â€Å"whole new dimension of freshness.† The product was so successful that CP decided to launch it worldwide. Colgate-Palmolive’s organizational structure is split up by geographic lines, each region having its own management. However, there is another split by category – there is one group responsible for oral care product strategy, resource allocation, and best-practices transfer between regions. This case focuses on the launches in the U.S., China and Mexico. In all three countries flavors varied and different strategies were used in packaging and promotion of Colgate Max Fresh, as described in the table below. Rock-star Jay Chow and â€Å"extreme living.†| â€Å"Snowsurfer† extreme living; provides â€Å"a joy ride for your mouth.†| Additional costs beyond initial product development and standard market testing| Base costs – first country to launch the product.| New flavors cost $200,000 to research and develop. New graphics, aesthetics, advertising campaign cost $1.5 million. New packaging (that failed) cost $1.5 million, and would have increased variable cost by 20%.New green color developed for $7,000.| New advertising campaign cost $500,000 total.Not many other expensive changes were mentioned. Package  size is different from the U.S., but with similar packaging types (and probably similar to other Colgate toothpaste packages).| In Mexico the promotional campaign was completely changed from the U.S. campaign and a third product flavor was introduced. The original two flavors were not changed, reducing costs compared to China. Costs in Mexico were kept low, and in the first two years Colgate saw a net profit in the Mexican market with Colgate Max Fresh. In China, however, many aspects of the marketing mix were changed, increasing costs tremendously. The product was changed by eliminating one of the two original flavors, changing the color of the other, and adding two new flavors. CP China’s management also tried a variety of packaging styles before choosing to use one that would increase the variable cost by 20% per unit. It turned out, however, that the design they chose was not up to CP’s global standards and after spending $1.5 million the idea was thrown out. The advertising campaign was changed to a riskier campaign – that could have been cancelled at any time at CP’s expense – that cost $1.5 million. Even the product name was changed in China. After all of these changes and additional costs, Colgate Max Fresh (Icy Fresh) was not profitable in its first two years. Instead, huge net losses were seen from this product. Problem Identification While CP Mexico made some minor changes to adapt Colgate Max Fresh to their market, CP China redesigned almost every aspect of the product besides the one feature that made it unique – the breath strips. These changes were costly and the product failed to make profits in its first two years in China. Instead, the expenses heavily outweighed the revenues. Instead of marketing like one company, CP China behaved as if it had purchased the rights to use the patented design of CMF and then created a marketing plan from scratch. Alternative Solutions Solution A: Test U.S. marketing plans. Start by testing the unaltered U.S. marketing plans. From the results of that testing, decide what areas need to be altered for the Chinese market. Instead of choosing to change a large variety of aspects of the marketing mix for the Chinese market (as described above), the CP Chinese marketing team could have selectively altered aspects that would have big impacts on sales. Solution B: Cut back on marketing research. Eliminate designing a brand new bottle to put the toothpaste in. Either use a slightly altered version of the U.S. packaging developed for CMF, or use a packaging type that has proven successful in China for previous Colgate toothpastes. Also scale back on color design. Instead of developing ten shades of green, develop only three. In every step of redesigning the marketing plan, try to cut costs by being reasonable. Solution C: Emphasize therapeutic attributes. Emphasize the therapeutic benefits of the Colgate Max Fresh toothpaste. CMF is designed to provide extreme freshness, and instead of focusing on the extremeness, focus on the freshness first and cavity-protection and other therapeutic advantages. These are the two most important features for toothpaste to the Chinese market. Although the concept statement mentions the cavity protection, it is overshadowed in the advertising by the â€Å"cooling crystals.† Breath strips have already proved unsuccessful in China, so the advertising should not focus on them. Instead, the focus should be on the features and aspects that make sense to consumers – freshness and cavity prevention. Evaluation of Alternatives Solution A: Test U.S. marketing plans. By evaluating the effectiveness of the already-produced marketing plan for Colgate Max Fresh, the marketing team would get insight into what works and what doesn’t – what enhances the product in consumers’ eyes and what needs to be re-done for the Chinese market. Money would be saved on marketing areas that can be directly transferred from the U.S. to China. If the ad campaign proved successful in test groups, up to $1.5 million could be saved. The down side to this plan is that only a finite amount can be saved, and this does very little to address sales (revenues). Solution B: Cut back on marketing research. Just by eliminating the packaging scheme, $1.5 million would be saved. A few  thousand may be saved by reducing the re-coloring efforts for the mint flavored toothpaste. Like solution A, this is a plan that would reduce costs, but that does not address revenues. It is unlikely that these reductions in cost would lead to a profitable first year in the Chinese market. Solution C: Emphasize therapeutic attributes. Although freshness is a growing market in China, breath strips never caught on and therapeutic toothpastes are big sellers. By emphasizing preferred features to the Chinese market, sales may be higher and the product may be successful. Of course, the marketing scheme would need to be tested first. In Exhibit 10A, Colgate Max Fresh ranked lower in the â€Å"Importance of Main Message† category. The main message should be important, so that people will remember it and in turn will remember to buy the new Colgate toothpaste. This solution does not address reducing costs, but instead addresses changing the message and increasing sales. Recommendation I recommend solution C, to change the advertisement message. The first two options would both decrease initial costs but would not decrease costs enough to make up for the low sales. According to Exhibit 13 in the case, in its first year Colgate Max Fresh had net sales of about $20 million and net expenses of about $30 million, leading to a $10 million loss. In the second year sales increased by about $3.5 million, expenses were reduced, and the net loss was only about $1.5 million. Any loss is bad, but at least there was a significant reduction in cost and the product was increasing in popularity. If the product had been more popular the first year, that would have made a big difference. I also recommend solution A, but I think C is more important. Reducing costs by eliminating unnecessary changes to the marketing plan already developed in conjunction with a promotion plan that emphasizes the product features that are most highly sought-after would be ideal for CP China. By reducing expenses and increasing sales, CMF may have been profitable in its second (if not first) year. Implementation An attitude change would need to be addressed first. It seems like the  Chinese Colgate-Palmolive oral care management team does not trust that anything the United States team creates will work in China. They created new, expensive schemes for various aspects of the marketing mix without first checking to see if it was necessary or even advisable. Corporate CP needs to get their Chinese team to understand that as part of a global brand, many features can be directly transferred from one country to another – especially successful ones. Next, the Chinese team must evaluate numerous aspects of the marketing mix for Colgate Max Fresh. A few things were evaluated properly, like the name of the product and the way the breath strips are described. CP China did their research to find out if the name â€Å"Colgate Max Fresh† with â€Å"breath strips† would mean anything to the Chinese market. Because it did not translate well, they changed the name. This is the approach the team should take to each aspect of the marketing mix. For instance, when evaluating the advertisements, they should first determine the effectiveness of the United States commercials. If the results are not favorable, they should change the ads to focus on that aspects that the Chinese consumers seek when choosing toothpastes – freshness and cavity prevention. After evaluating each aspect, the unsuccessful ones should be remade by the Chinese marketing team. Once the newly developed plans have been evaluated, they should be compared to the original plans. After that, the product should be ready for the market.

A Definition of the Word Trust Essay

When you think of a very special quality everyone should have, trust is the first thing that comes to my mind. Being able to trust someone is very important. We have to trust people in our lives every single day. Trust helps us to have relationships and friendships. Trust is defined as believing in someone in the dictionary. Although this seems simple, it is not that easy to understand and comprehend. Trust has a deep meaning as we continue to grow and change in life. We go through many things that make us change as we live, grow, and experience different challenges. Trust is believing in someone with your whole heart and believing that he or she will take care of it or appreciate it. There are so many types of trust. Three type of trust are: trusting in a family member, trusting in someone special, and trusting in friends. With our family members, we have deep trust. They have been through everything with us and most of deep dark secrets. They have been there for us during the good times and the bad. They watched us go through elementary, middle and high school. Your family has been there to watch you mature and become the person you are today. We have deep trust with them because they took care of us when we were sick or needed someone to cry on. Since we tell them everything, we are the most attached to them. They know when we are acting strange or weird and can tell when we are sad or ecstatic. They share all kinds of memories with us and understand what and where we have been. We let family know almost everything about us. We go back to them when we have nowhere else to go. We trust them with our lives because we know no matter what, that they will always love and care for us. Another kind of trust is trust in someone special or someone that we think is our true love. See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay We tell them everything about us because we believe that they really care. We tell him or her things that we keep to ourselves because we believe that he or she has committed to us. It takes a lot of time to have this kind of trust in a relationship. It takes a lot of time to confide our secrets and personal issues in someone else. When you have such a deep trust with him or her, there should be no secrets. There are no secrets when you truly love each other. This kind of trust is just part of the commitment to each other. In this commitment, you trust each other to be faithful, respectful and to always be there for each other. Another type of trust is the trust between friends. We let our friends know about some of our secrets. We keep the deep dark ones away from them. We also try to hide our past and do not trust them right away because we have had friends in the past betray and hurt us numerous times. We do not trust them right away because we do not know about their life or their past. We do not know where they come from or what they believe makes a good friend. So we as humans hide our feelings and do not trust them. It is only when we spend a lot of time and slowly open up to each other that we become closer and can eventually trust them. Trust cannot be given. It has to be earned. It is not as simple as believing. Trust is earned. When you earn trust, you realize that you can tell him or her anything and they will still be there for you. Trust is not easy to earn though. You have to really believe in the other person and know that they will not let you down. Therefore, trust is very important to humans everywhere. Trust is a huge factor of unity and without it people cannot live in unity. Only you can fully understand trust in your own way. Trust is having a special place in their heart and you having special place for them. Finally, trust is the base for all relationships and friendships. Without trust, we cannot find the true meaning of life. Trust is a must for everything in life.

How to Collaboratively Write a Business Report with Colleagues

How to Collaboratively Write a Business Report with Colleagues Do you collaboratively write reports with colleagues? Do you find it hard to keep a sense of coherence across the report and unity in the work team? Group writing is a logical and wise report writing practice because it captures the expertise of the right people on a project team. However, writing by group can often result in a report that feels patched together with no coherent tone. It can often require revision after revision as multiple writers interject their comments. Worse, resentments can simmer when the writers see the writing they labored over changed and egos clash. Let's make this process easier and ensure a better outcome. There is an easy to implement approach for collaborative report writing that will ensure expertise and content is captured. And, the report will present a unified tone to the reader. This technique requires three steps. Step #1: Group works together to 1) analyze the purpose and audience of the report and 2) develop the content that audience needs. Create a concept map of the report organization and content. Also, decide on the best tool to convey the report. (A report is typically written in MS Word, PowerPoint, or Excel.) By far, the best technique to capture this is a content map. A content map is simply a visual representation of the substance of a report, with the inter-related components delineated. By creating a visual map, each contributor understands the report whole and can easily draft his or her section because the thinking and analysis work is done. Most importantly, it allows the group to agree on the substance of the report at the start of the report writing process. This is critical for two reasons: If you can't map the structure of a report, it will never be more clear when the structure is longer and written out. The group must complete the planning before diving into the writing. The editing process is often a bit contentious in collaborative writing. Every writer clings to words they labored over. Egos come into play. If changes are requested later on in the editing portion of writing the business report, you will be able to separate changes of substance from changes in language by reviewing the concept map. It will allow you to fine tune the actual edits needed. It is much easier to verify the substance of the report when it is front and center in a concept map. Here is an example of a concept map for a report summarizing the outcomes of a training course: Step #2 Each person writes his or her appropriate section of the report. In this example, if applied here at Instructional Solutions, I would ask our client care manager to write the section on course data since she would know it best. I would ask the instructor most involved in the course to write the section on course evaluations and participant writing since she worked directly with the training group. I would write the course summary section since I typically manage training projects and work directly with our client project manager. This writing strategy ensures that the most qualified person is writing their area of expertise. Additionally, it will be easy for the writers to draft their respective sections because they have a plan and visual map to tether them to that plan. They simply need to unfold the map, and write it out in the right tool (MS Word, PowerPoint, or Excel, as determined by the group discussion.) Step #3 One person combines the sections following the content map structure, and edits the report. This ensures the report has unified style and tone. I see so many "Frankenstein reports" that feel like it was patched together, instead of developed strategically. One person must own the report and have final approval on language and substance. That said, the final editor/writer has two responsibilities: He or she has final say on the language choices.I have seen so many conflicts when too many people are allowed to edit a report. Truly, I've seen resentment between co-workers erupt over a simple word choice. When this happens, the conflict usually isn't about the word choice. It's really about control. Don't open this Pandora's box. Assign editorial control to one person. Choose a strong writer. However, the final writer/editor must discuss any changes in substance with the section writer. At this point, if the group planned the report appropriately in Step #1, substance should not change during an edit. Therefore, any substance changes here are a danger sign that content was not well planned from the start or the editor is making strategic changes. The key to successful collaborative report writing is planning content as a group and capturing it in a concept map, letting the right staff write appropriate sections, and giving one person the task of editing the report. A group can write a very strong report, and stay happy! Learn how to master all aspects of report writing in our Report Writing Course.

Punctuation Game

Punctuation Game Punctuation Game Punctuation Game By Sharon So you think you know your punctuation? Now you can put it to the test. Eats, Shoots and Leaves, reviewed by Maeve in July, has a punctuation game online. There are to questions on the placement of the apostrophe and comma, and at the end of the game you get a score showing how much of a stickler you are for correct punctuation use. Review our tips on punctuation, then take the quiz. Good luck! Come back and share your score in the comments. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsWhat's a Male Mistress?Ulterior and Alterior

The Franco-American Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Franco-American Trade - Essay Example French exports stood at 1,427 billion francs ($285.4 billion) in 1995, 22% of GDP while the imports amounted to 1,322 billion francs ($264.4 billion). The figured showed a substantial increase in the surplus in durable goods (over 58 billion francs, $11.6 billion), a 20 billion-franc surplus ($4 billion) in farm products, a surplus of 31 billion francs ($6.2 billion) in agri-foodstuffs, a declining energy bill and a rise of 19% in electricity exports.(Stern 47) Being a member of the European Union results in a lot of internal trading between the EU countries, hence France's European Union partners absorb 64% of its trade. According to the survey carried out in the 1990s, the country had a trade surplus of 27 billion francs ($5.4 billion) with the EU in 1995. The main trading partners of France are Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain, along with the United States. As pointed out above France and United Kingdom are major trading partners. France is UK's third largest market and has been importing from Britain for the last twenty odd years. France has the distinction of being UK's third largest supplier providing 7.2% of UK imports only behind Germany (14.6%) and the USA (9.5%), while ahead of the Netherlands (7.1%) and China (6.8%). The United Kingdom is Frances's fourth export market making 8.3% total exports, after Germany (14.7%), Spain (9.9%) and Italy (9.5%). The United Kingdom is France's seventh supplier, as it pr... As Chinese products have flooded the global markets, the scenario has been similar for France who has been importing from China on an increasing rate. (Stern 51) On the other hand, United Kingdom has lost the France market and this is mostly explained by the downward trend in the oil exports by the UK to France. Other main category products whose export level has also suffered have been cars, electronic and electrical equipment, chemicals, clothing and meat. However, this has been slightly off set by increasing UK exports in sectors such as machinery (gas turbines), pharmaceuticals, aerospace, iron and other heavy metals, precious stones and beverages. The main categories or rather sectors which have been of prime trading importance between UK and France apart from the energy sector are: machinery, electrical equipment, transport, chemicals, food and consumer goods. According to the latest figures, the imports by France from UK include mostly machinery while France mostly exports transport equipment to the UK. (Gilbert 2004) Machinery constitutes the largest share in the bilateral trade by having nearly 80% representation while it is followed by the energy sector in UK exports at 11.7% and oil in UK imports at 5.9%. Energy's share in UK exports was 11.7% (10.6% being oil) and 5.9% in UK imports. Another important trading partner of France is the United States of America (USA). The foreign trade allows them to deepen the understanding of good faith that that the two countries have established. The foundation of their global trade is based on a solid arrangement. According to the latest figures published in the State publications, the average trading between the two nations is of 1 billion dollars -commercial activities and

Islamic Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islamic Banking - Essay Example Islamic Banking is a type of banking that is constantly based on the Islamic or Shariah law and its implementation is through the growth of Islamic economics. This type of banking system prohibits the fixed payment interest on loaned money and it also shuns the investment in the business that cater goods and services that are considered unlawful in Islam. Today more than 200 Islamic financial institutions exist around the world (Iqbal and Llewellyn, 2002). Ahmad El Najjar pioneered the first Islamic bank that came into existence in Egypt, in 1963. Thus, when 1976 ended, there were nine banks in the country that were established on the same concept; however, previously in 1974 the Organization of Islamic Countries had established a bank called Islamic Development Bank that purely ran on the principles of Islam. Although the bank was not a commercial one, it did provide funds for the businesses in order to encourage economic growth. After recognizing the Islamic banking system, several banks came into existence, such as Dubai Islamic Bank, Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan, and the Bahrain Islamic Bank (Shariah-Fortune, 2012). Despite the growing trend in the Islamic banking system, unfortunately the inception of Islamic Banking in Pakistan did not survive. ... The banks previously were more focused on interest free banking; however in 1985, the Organization of Islamic Conference affirmed takaful, or Islamic insurance, as Shariah compliant. Thus, this gave the Islamic banking sector a wider tangent that now covered capital markets, capital formation, and varied financial instruments and intermediaries (Shariah-Fortune, 2012). The development and growth of Islamic Banking has always been experimental. The pioneers of the Islamic Banking have faltered, failed, and learnt through mistakes over time. However, the system has been prolific to the economies. Several empirical studies entail that the performance and efficiency of Islamic banking are significantly good. One of the studies conducted by Iqbal in 2001 drew a sample from countries that had Islamic and conventional banking; he took 12 Islamic banks and 12 conventional banks from 10 countries in order to find out the productivity of the banks using a comparative framework. His study concl uded that the Islamic banking displayed higher rates of growth in key variables in comparison to the conventional banking system. It also highlighted that the Islamic banks apparently performed well and generally they yielded good profits and well capitalized; another factor that surfaced was that Islamic banks used resources more effectively, which were available to them. Moreover, when the conventional banks were studied alongside Islamic banks as a group, it turned out that they outperformed the conventional system in all areas. However, there were certain variations among the Islamic banks that surfaced during the studies in terms of growth and performance (Iqbal, 2011). Nevertheless, Samad in 1999 compared

Access and Availability of dental care to Paediatric special needs Research Proposal

Access and Availability of dental care to Paediatric special needs patients in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example The general oral hygiene of these chidlren were also found to be very low (Al-Banyan, Echeverri, Narendran and Keene, 2000, p.43). This study had recommended an oral health program to be implemented through the educational institutions (Al-Banyan, Echeverri, Narendran and Keene, 2000, p.43). Further studies to identify the specific factors leading to the problem was also suggested by this study (Al-Banyan, Echeverri, Narendran and Keene, 2000, p.43). Al-Malik and Rehbini (2006) have also pointed to the high level of caries in children in Saudi Arabia as compared to children in other countries and called for immediate intervention through school intervention programs. Especially when it comes to special needs patients like children with autism, the negative behavior of such children towards treatment or any similar problems in case of other special needs groups, will limit their access to and availability of dental care and treatment (Murshid, 2005). It is this existing research highl ights along with the case studies displaying the high prevalence of oral problems among special needs children that was witnessed while working with them that prompted this researcher to explore further in this area of study. Though the research works mentioned above have exhibited that there is a high level of oral health problems in children with special needs in Saudi Arabia, none of them have thrown light upon to what extent this problems gets addressed. It is not revealed whether these children have access to and availability of appropriate and efficient dental care in the present context in Saudi Arabia. Only by assessing the lacuna that is there, further steps can be taken to address the oral health needs of these special needs children. Hence this researcher is of the belief that this study on the access and availability of dental care to special needs children in Saudi Arabia can add valuable

Entrepreneurial Organization Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurial Organization Essay In Business today the Entrepreneurial Organizations continue to grow, thrive and help change the way companies and people do business. These Entrepreneurial changes that happen internal to large organizations or at small start-up companies all have some of the same traits in common with each other and use some of the same tactics to create business opportunities. Some of the traits they share to promote their business are: Individual action and initiative, Innovation, Differentiation and Risk Taking. Individual action and initiatives taken by the employees within the organization are to create new product offerings or enhance existing products. These actions do not always succeed in creating revenue for the business, but might help start another product line that will create revenue in the future, but the failures of these products is not seen as a negative within the organization but are treated as growth and are seen as positive steps. Innovation is a primary and necessary building block for the entrepreneurial organization. There are 2 types of innovation that should be looked at, used, changed and viewed when using innovation and these are Product and Process. These types of innovation will create change in either a product or process but both are essential to using innovation within the organization and will be used to create new ideas, process and test new theories. Differentiation is another advantage that has to be used, displayed and shown for an entrepreneurial organization. This shows the advantage to customers and investors what unique good, service, talent and innovation that the organization has that makes the customers willing to pay a premium for their services. Risk taking from a large or small organization requires some sort of investment on the part of the company, either in personal resources or financial resources. The level of risk that the organization is willing to support shows the employees that the organization is willing and able to make changes if the risks are worth the reward. But risks must be taken in these types of organizations to create and discover new opportunities. In conclusion, these are four reasons why entrepreneurial organizations seek to use innovation to create new opportunities and are  some of the building blocks for many large and successful companies. With the landscape of business always changing, if companies are not willing to use innovation to try and create new opportunities they might not be successful in the future.

The Count of Monte Christo :: essays research papers

The Count of Monte Christo I want to introduce you to, â€Å"The Count of Monte Christo,† by Alexandre Dumas. It is a story that starts as a love story that turns to betrayal and revenge. The Count of Monte Christo is set in France about 1804 in a large city. There was confusion to who led France, King Louis or Napoleon. France was divided by the two ruling parties. The main character is Edmond Dantes. He did many things in this story. He was a sailor, a lover, a friend, a captain, and a prisoner. Edmond was a tall, skinny black haired man in his twenties. When he was on the boat Pharon, the captain died and he was promoted to captain. When they return, he was convicted of treason and put into prison. Edmond was betrayed by the jealousy of his friends. His shipmate, Danglars, really wanted to be captain. Ferdinad wanted to marry Edmonds’ girl friend, Mercedes. Danglars and Ferdinand wrote a letter accusing Edmond of carrying a letter from Elba to the Bonapartist committee in Paris. On his wedding day, Edmond was arrested and taken before a deputy named Villefort. Edmond was secretly imprisoned in the deepest dungeons of the Chateau D'If. There Dantes' imprisonment was secured by the plotting of his enemies outside the prison, particularly towards Villefort, who wanted to cover up his own father's connections with the Bonapartists. Dantes spent 14 years in prison. While in prison, he was determined to escape and began digging a tunnel to hoping that he would escape. While digging his tunnel, he met an old inmate named Abbe Faria. The old man taught Edmond history, mathematics, and languages. In Edmond's fourteenth year, Faria became very ill. The old man told Edmond where to find a massive buried fortune. When Faria finally did die, his body was placed in a burial sac. Edmond hid in Faria’s body sac. The jailers threw the sack into the sea which allowed Dantes to escape. Dantes recovered the buried treasure and became extremely wealthy. He returned as the mysterious Count of Monte Cristo. He was slowly plotting to get even with the four men who had caused him to be sent to the Chateau D'If. Ferdinand had married Mercedes and was now the Count de Morcef. Monte Cristo released information to the press that proved that Morcef is a traitor, and Morcef is ruined socially. The Count of Monte Christo :: essays research papers The Count of Monte Christo I want to introduce you to, â€Å"The Count of Monte Christo,† by Alexandre Dumas. It is a story that starts as a love story that turns to betrayal and revenge. The Count of Monte Christo is set in France about 1804 in a large city. There was confusion to who led France, King Louis or Napoleon. France was divided by the two ruling parties. The main character is Edmond Dantes. He did many things in this story. He was a sailor, a lover, a friend, a captain, and a prisoner. Edmond was a tall, skinny black haired man in his twenties. When he was on the boat Pharon, the captain died and he was promoted to captain. When they return, he was convicted of treason and put into prison. Edmond was betrayed by the jealousy of his friends. His shipmate, Danglars, really wanted to be captain. Ferdinad wanted to marry Edmonds’ girl friend, Mercedes. Danglars and Ferdinand wrote a letter accusing Edmond of carrying a letter from Elba to the Bonapartist committee in Paris. On his wedding day, Edmond was arrested and taken before a deputy named Villefort. Edmond was secretly imprisoned in the deepest dungeons of the Chateau D'If. There Dantes' imprisonment was secured by the plotting of his enemies outside the prison, particularly towards Villefort, who wanted to cover up his own father's connections with the Bonapartists. Dantes spent 14 years in prison. While in prison, he was determined to escape and began digging a tunnel to hoping that he would escape. While digging his tunnel, he met an old inmate named Abbe Faria. The old man taught Edmond history, mathematics, and languages. In Edmond's fourteenth year, Faria became very ill. The old man told Edmond where to find a massive buried fortune. When Faria finally did die, his body was placed in a burial sac. Edmond hid in Faria’s body sac. The jailers threw the sack into the sea which allowed Dantes to escape. Dantes recovered the buried treasure and became extremely wealthy. He returned as the mysterious Count of Monte Cristo. He was slowly plotting to get even with the four men who had caused him to be sent to the Chateau D'If. Ferdinand had married Mercedes and was now the Count de Morcef. Monte Cristo released information to the press that proved that Morcef is a traitor, and Morcef is ruined socially.

L’Oreal Case Study Essay

This report looks at how did L’Oreal, a multinational corporation, managed its already portfolio as well as its newly acquired local brand when entering on a new market: China. L’Oreal, a french company founded in 1907, decided at the end of 2003 to acquire two local chinese brands in order to enter the national market: Mininurse and Yu-sai. While this merging seems to be a  «win-win » deal, we will look at several issues L’Oreal was confronted with: how did the brand managed its newly acquired brand, as well as what were the opportunities of growth for the corporation. Recommendations will also be given on how would we have manage L’Oreal’s already existing very diversified portfolio in this new market. 2.Background to the Company Founded in 1907, L’Oreal is now managing a very diversified portfolio including cosmetics, skin and hair care products as well as high end fashion brands such as Ralph Lauren. This diversified portfolio reflects the brand’s strategy to be as important as possible on the market and occupy every segment, in order to avoid competition as much as possible, reinforce their reputation world widely and convey through their different brands’ images several cultures. For instance, Ralph Lauren will convey a very american  «preppy » sense of fashion, while Lancà ´me will convey a very  «glamorous parisian » image of cosmetics. Research&Development is a major investment for the company, as it enables the company to launch innovative product on different markets, as well as protecting its product from copying thought its patents. Furthermore, innovation aimed at high end product is diffused to consumer products, which enable the brand to lower the total cost of R&D. The brand has organised its portfolio using a pyramid, classifying ever of its brands at one stage depending on the targeted market. 3.Development To develop on the Chinese Market, L’Oreal acquired two local brands. China is potentially the largest market in the world, with increasing life standards, a growing interest for fashion and a new group of people forming a middle class willing to pay for cosmetic products. Chinese market can be divided into three main consumers groups, depending on criteria such as their location, their interest in cosmetics, their willingness to pay for foreign products†¦(see exhibit 1). This growing interest for fashion among China’s inhabitants, the very large number of potential customers as well as the increasing disposable income among chinese people constitute opportunities for l’Oreal to expend on the local market. GroupLocationCharacteristics High-Income Earners.†¨Aged young to middle-aged.Large/medium sized cities all around China.Willing to pay for high end luxury products imported from France, United States, Japan†¦. Medium income earners.†¨Middle aged to older women.Large/medium sized cities all around China.Preference for well established domestic brands. Migrant women labourers.†¨Mainly aged 18-30Large/medium sized cities all around China.Do have disposable incomes. Poor knowledge of cosmetics, their purchases are price-driven. Very large and yet untapped customer base. 4.Discussion How would you see L’Oreal manage the chinese brand without their chinese founders? This question leads to a key point of this case. Why did L’Oreal acquire those two brands?†¨The main argument people could answer is that L’Oreal wanted, according to their global strategy, to occupy the market as much as possible. However, could L’Oreal be really bothered by those two competitors?†¨Indeed, at one point, the Case states that the total revenues of domestic brands were less important than L’Oreal on his own. L’Oreal may have wanted this merging in order to use the already existing facilities of both brands for it’s own products. For instance Mininurse, with its extensive distribution channel made of 280 000 corners and points of sale all across China, represents a already established and widely spread distribution channel for L’Oreal to launch any of their products. Furthermore, the knowledge Yu-sai developed regarding Chinese’s use of cosmetic would help the brand to adapt each of its product to the chinese market, which is very different from the western market. Both brands have very high consumers recognition, with for instance Mininurse having a 90% recognition rate among chinese customers, this recognition rate being even higher among under twenty customers. This could help L’Oreal to gain customer recognition for their own brands quite easily. We can see this merging is not only about just acquiring new brands to saturate the market, but it is about using two well established brands to launch the company’s products, avoiding constraints such as establishing a distribution channel, use of marketing to increase brand recognition†¦. Therefore, what I think L’Oreal will do, is use Mininurse to launch their mass market product: Garnier using Mininurse’s high brand recognition and massive distribution network. The brand will use their knowledge and technology to improve Mininurse’s products at a low cost. Progressively, L’Oreal will probably change Mininurse into Garnier.†¨This would enable L’Oreal to use Mininurse’s high brand recognition and target consumers would are more likely to pay for local brands, such as the untapped  «labourer migrant women market ». (see exhibit 1 for an overview of the chinese market). How would you manage L’Oreal’s Portfolio in China with the newly acquired brands? I think using Mininurse’s distribution channel for it’s own products is a really good idea as it enables L’Orà ©al to skip a very long step companies usually to go through when entering a new market.†¨However, following L’Orà ©al’s global branding strategy, L’Orà ©al has got no interest in keeping Mininurse as the products are similar to Garnier’s products. In that way, I would indeed progressively substitute Mininurse with Garnier. Regarding Yue-sai, I think L’Orà ©al should keep it going regarding the good financial results of the brands during the past few years (11% of the country’s total market share) as well as the very particular brand’s identity. L’Orà ©al can use the knowledge Yue-sai Kan has been generating for the past twenty years as well as the research facility opened in Pudon and apply the knowledge to it’s products on the chinese market. I do think L’Oreal should reconsider their decision to exclude Yue-sai Kan from the company. L’Oreal could use her as a marketing figure, as she seems to be very important in the chinese cosmetic market regarding the fact that she is the person that popularised cosmetics thought her different books, TV shows†¦. As stated in the Case, Yue-Sai’s product were created only for chinese woman. Regarding the high number of chinese people all around the world, L’Oreal could start exporting this local brand using the brand’s very local chinese identity. This could reflect L’Oreal strategy to convey different cultures through its diversified portfolio. L’Orà ©al needs to keep in mind that Chinese market is very different from the Western’s market. The market is different by the consumer’s needs, with for instance chinese women using as much as 18 cosmetics products daily, as well as by the consumers products, with for instance beauty criteria being totally different than in western countries. How would you see L’Orà ©al continue to grow in China? I think L’Orà ©al in China should mainly focus on the domestic market, as it is the market with the more potential customers. A quick look at exhibit 1 shows us that a large part of the chinese market is yet untapped. This market, made of young labourers migrating to big cities, has got disposable income but is mainly price-driven and prefer local brands. L’Orà ©al could easily use Mininurse to target this market by offering them the local aspect of the brand, and as said previously progressively substitute Mininurse to Garnier to this market. Using Mininurse to launch Garnier would enable L’Orà ©al to use Mininurse’s high brand recognition among young people ( which is one of the characteristics of this market ), with a brand recognition rate of over 96%, and then take new market shares.

Effects of Breach of Contract

Effects of a Breach of Contract There are various types of contract with in the world of law such as civil law which deals with relations between individual citizens where as private law focuses on the relations between ordinary people on a day to day basis, both types of law include the law of contract. A contract is an agreement that is legally enforceable and therefore can be settled within a court of law, however how can we distinguish between a contract and any other form of non-legally enforced statement.If I promised to wash someone’s car yet I don’t in fact wash the car can I be held to a contract? In this case I can not simply because a promise is not a contract although there is no rule stating that all contracts must be in writing in fact a contract can very easily be done verbally or by action of which are known as parol or simple contracts. A statement is only a statement when it holds all four elements these being 1. Offer 2. Acceptance 3. Intention to cre ate legal relations 4.Consideration. Within a contract there are also what are known as clauses which simply express what both parties to the contract have agreed to. An example of a clause would be a car dealer selling his old car and we’d agreed on the price of the car in the process the car dealer says he will fill the car with petrol and I agree to only buy the car as long as there is no more than 15,000 miles on the dial and as long as the car had not been involved in any accidents.When I receive the car the tank is empty however that statement was a representation rather than a term as it did not hold a great deal of importance, however I find out that in fact the car had been involved in a car crash and had more than 15,000 on the dial and therefore the car dealer has breached the contract, therefore legal action can be taken. It is key to note the four tests that are carried out to figure out whether something is a term or representation these are 1.The importance of the statement 2. The time between making the statement and making the contract 3. An oral statement before a written contract 4. One party to the contract has special skills or knowledge. There are 3 types of terms 1. Conditions 2. Warranties 3. Innominate Terms. A condition is a basic but a fundamental part of the contract if breached the other party can end the contract, refuse to perform their part of the contract or continue with the contract but then sue for damages when completed.A warranty on the other had is not a vital part of a contract and if breached the other party must continue with the contract however they can then sue for damages at the end. An example of breaching a condition would be if a contract might specify that ABC Corp sells XYZ Corp 500 umbrellas for ? 5,000 on the condition that the umbrellas are inspected by XYZ Corp. for defects and their quality approved by the company. If the 500 umbrellas are inspected by XYZ Corp and found by that company to be defec tive, the contract becomes void.ABC Corp is not required to deliver the umbrellas, and XYZ Corp is not required to pay for the umbrellas. An example of breaching a warranty would be if a warranty reads â€Å"this umbrella is guaranteed to not tear, rip or break for two years from the date of its purchase. † This is known as an express warranty, because it is very clearly stated. Another type of warranty is known as an implied warranty. Implied warranties are created by state law and essentially guarantee that a product will satisfy its intended purpose.When a warranty on a contract for sale of goods is breached, the party protected by the warranty, or the party purchasing the goods, is entitled to damages. Those damages may be specifically stated in an express warranty. For example, a product may guarantee that a product will last seven years or the purchaser is entitled to her money back. An innominate term can be either a condition or a warranty depending upon how serious h e breach of contract actually is in a court of law if they feel the breach was serious they will consider it as a condition where as if the breach is less serious it will classified as a warranty.Within a contract there is also what is known as implied terms of which are no stated expressly by the parties involved but are still very much regarded as being a term within the contract. Three ways in which an implied term becomes a part of a contract are 1) Implied by statue an example would be the Sale of Goods Act 1979 so if a contract is made regarding food and quality isn’t expressly mentioned within the contract then automatically the Sale of Goods Act 1979 applies therefore making the quality of goods mandatory. ) Implied by custom an example of which would be if a farmer employs a worker within the agreed contact the farmer agrees to provide a place to liv however within the contract itself it does not state which individual will pay for gay, electricity and the use of the telephone. If this case was then taken to court the worker could easily argue that although it was not stated in the contract that it is custom for the farmer to pay for the gas and electricity and that any calls made the worker would then pay for. 3) Implied by court in simple terms is the court changing a contract only if it makes good business sense to do.Within a contract there are also exclusion clauses which are clauses that are written down stating if something was to go wrong that one party can avoid or at the very least limit liability for the breach of contract. For an exclusion clause to actually be properly included within a contract it first must be legal also the clause can not be added after the contract has been made as well as this if there is not an actually signed contract printed documents or sign posts that clearly indicate the terms can also be included within the contract so long as they are brought to the attention of both parties before making the contract. An example would be taking a parking ticket from a ticket machine the individual is only bound by the terms brought to the individual’s attention before taking the actual ticket, simply because a contract is only formed when you take the ticket itself. Therefore a car park owner can not rely upon an exclusion clause that may be printed on the back of the ticket as nothing was done before the ticket was collected to make the individual aware of any exclusion clauses.If the car is then damaged whilst in the car park due to lack of security or care then the car parking company is liable despite the exclusion clause. [Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd. (1971)]. Innominate Terms The definition of an innominate term is a contractual term that may turn out to be either a condition which is vitally important to a contract or a warranty which has less importance within contract this is dependent upon the effects and damages towards the innocent party.It was first established in the cas e of Hong Kong Fir Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha and has been heavily criticised as it sacrifices certainty an example of when an Innominate term has been used is Schuler were manufacturers of certain tools and Wickman were a sales company granted the sole right to sell certain tools manufactured by Schuler. A term of the contract between the parties was described in the contract as being a condition and provided that Wickman would send a sales person to each named company once a week to solicit sales.This imposed an obligation to make 1,400 visits in total. Wickman failed to make some of the visits and Schuler terminated the contract for breach of condition. Despite the fact the contract had expressly stated the term was a condition, the House of Lords held that it was only a warranty. [Schuler v Wickman Tools  [1974] AC 235  House of Lords]. My own personal view is that there is a place for innominate terms in contract law, even though there are flaws it allows for a court of law to look into a contract that may be very much one sided to one party and level the playing fields.Many terminations in a contract are used as a condition even though the stated terms are not vitally important and are simply there to have an edge over the other party involved. Therefore I strongly believe that a court being able to look over a contract and even the situation when one party is clearly taking full advantage of the other is a reasonable and sound procedure. SOURCES Google http://www. keepyourcopyrights. org/contracts/clauses/ Keenan & Riches http://www. nolo. om/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/small-claims-book/chapter2-3. html http://www. lawhandbook. org. au/handbook/ch12s01s03. php http://www. goldsmithibs. com/resources/free/Breach-of-Contract/notes/Breach-of-Contract-Remedies. pdf http://www. lawhandbook. sa. gov. au/ch08s02s06. php http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/innominate-term. html http://www. scribd. com/doc/54786010/14/Innominate-Terms Uni versity of Worcester – Blackboard Oxford Dictionary Thesaurus WORD COUNT – 1,556